How does tuberculosis (TB) primarily spread?

Tuberculosis (TB) primarily spreads through the air, making this the correct answer. When a person with active TB in their lungs coughs, sneezes, or speaks, they release tiny droplets containing the bacteria into the air. Others nearby can inhale these droplets, which can lead to new infections.

This airborne transmission is significant because it highlights the importance of airborne precautions in settings where TB exposure might occur, such as healthcare facilities. It also explains why TB is most effectively prevented by ensuring adequate ventilation in crowded places and why screening and isolation of infectious individuals are critical for controlling outbreaks.

Other transmission routes, such as blood, contaminated food, or sexual contact, do not play a significant role in the spread of TB. Blood transmission is typical for different infections, while foodborne transmission is associated with gastrointestinal diseases. Sexual contact is not a recognized method for TB transmission, which further emphasizes the relevance of air as the primary vector for this disease.