What screening tests are available for TB?

The Mantoux test, also known as the tuberculin skin test, is a widely used screening method for tuberculosis (TB). This test involves injecting a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) into the skin, usually on the forearm. After 48 to 72 hours, the injection site is examined for a reaction, which indicates whether the person has been exposed to the bacteria that cause TB. A positive reaction suggests either an active or latent TB infection, prompting further evaluation, such as a chest X-ray or sputum tests.

This method is highly valuable because it specifically assesses an individual’s immune response to TB proteins and helps identify those who may need additional testing or treatment. The accuracy and effectiveness of the Mantoux test make it an essential tool in TB screening programs, particularly for individuals at higher risk, such as healthcare workers, close contacts of TB patients, or those with weakened immune systems.